Air pollution remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century, with profound implications for human health, climate stability, and ecological integrity. The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization has led to elevated concentrations of airborne pollutants such as particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O₃) in many regions around the world. These pollutants are primarily derived from anthropogenic sources including vehicular emissions, fossil fuel combustion, industrial discharges, and biomass burning. Chronic exposure to ambient air pollution has been strongly linked to increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. This study presents a comprehensive review and assessment of regional air quality indicators, focusing on the spatial and temporal distribution of major pollutants and their potential sources. Emphasis is placed on the use of the Air Quality Index (AQI) as a tool for evaluating public health risks and guiding policy interventions. PM₁₀ ranged 13.22–30.0 μg/m³; CO reached 16.25 ppm; O₃ increased from 0.062 to 0.077 ppm. The analysis includes examination of long-term trends in pollutant concentrations, correlation with meteorological parameters, and identification of pollution hotspots. Additionally, mitigation strategies and regulatory frameworks aimed at improving air quality are discussed, with particular attention to their efficacy and implementation barriers. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated environmental management policies, enhanced pollution monitoring infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns to curb the adverse effects of air pollution. The study advocates for the adoption of evidence-based, interdisciplinary approaches to air quality management, integrating technological innovation, regulatory action, and community participation.