This study evaluated the effects of molybdenum (Mo) applications at different doses (via seed, foliar, and soil) on plant and soil parameters. The examined parameters included plant height, fresh and dry weight of the plant, root length, fresh and dry root weight, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, leaf area, soil enzyme activities (urease, dehydrogenase, and catalase), soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The results demonstrated that Mo applications significantly improved plant height, root length, fresh and dry root weight, and fresh and dry plant weight. The greatest improvements in these parameters were observed with the application of 50 µg kg⁻¹ Mo to the soil, while the lowest increase was recorded with the foliar application of 25 µg kg⁻¹ Mo. Soil application of 50 µg kg⁻¹ Mo resulted in significant increases, particularly in plant height, root length, and biomass (fresh and dry weight). In terms of stomatal conductance, SPAD value, and leaf area, increases were observed across all application methods. The highest SPAD value was obtained with the foliar application of 50 µg kg⁻¹ Mo, while the most significant increases in stomatal conductance and leaf area were recorded with the same dose applied to the soil. Regarding soil enzyme activities, soil application of Mo provided the highest increases in urease and catalase activities, highlighting its role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. The greatest increase in dehydrogenase activity was recorded with the foliar application of 50 µg kg⁻¹ Mo. Overall, the findings of the study showed that the most pronounced improvements in plant growth, biomass, and soil enzyme activity parameters were achieved with the soil application of 50 µg kg⁻¹ Mo. These results emphasize the critical role of soil-based molybdenum supplementation in optimizing plant growth, enhancing yield, and promoting soil health. Molybdenum is highlighted as a vital component in sustainable agricultural practices and soil fertility management.