The work analyzes the impact of wild boars on the environment. Its useful role was demonstrated, emphasizing its sanitary function and usefulness as a bioindicator in monitoring the natural environment. The problems posed by numerous wild boar populations were analyzed: sanitary threat to humans and animals, real threat to soil and ecosystems, damage to the agricultural and forest environment, negative impact in anthropogenic environments on local biodiversity, nuisance to people in urban and suburban areas. Sus scrofa can be considered a species capable of causing disturbances to biotic and abiotic elements of the environment. The work draws attention to the threats posed by Sus scrofa and/or the threat directed at Sus scrofa. Additionally, the focus was on the vector of infections for various species of animals and humans because wild boars are susceptible to various highly contagious diseases that sometimes decimate their populations.Wild boars should be seen as beneficial animals (bioindicator of environmental contamination, sanitary function) and at the same time problematic and conflictive, dangerous for other species, including domestic pigs and humans and the environment. Due to the significant damage caused to global agriculture – to agricultural and forest crops, the threat to biodiversity, the nuisance to humans in urbanized areas, there is increasing interest in the ecology of the species and the principles of wild boar population management.