Trace elements, including copper, are crucial for the proper course of various biochemical processes occurring in the organisms of young and adult ruminants. Copper plays a key role in cell development and metabolism, since it exhibits strong antioxidant activity. Being a constituent of various metalloenzymes and metalloproteins such as: cytochrome C oxidase (Cox), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), copper participates in the regulation of processes of cellular respiration, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and collagen formation. The deficiency of this element has a significant impact on the development, growth and reproduction of farm animals, including cattle. Although this element is an essential micronutrient for ruminants, its over-supply in the body can cause severe symptoms of poisoning. In the time when emphasis is placed on animal welfare as well as intensive livestock production, it is necessary to be aware of the role that copper plays in bovine organism. Appropriate dosage of this microelement in feed additives used in cattle nutrition is required in order to avoid negative effects of either deficiency or excessive mineral supplementation, as both nutritional deficiencies and intoxications are responsible for significant economic losses in livestock production and inferior welfare. The aim of this article is to review information on the effects of copper on the functioning of adult cattle and calves, and on the effects of deficiency and toxicity of this element.  

24.1.2019