Ancient, nutritionally valuable plant species and environmentally friendly agricultural technologies are gaining more and more interest from consumers and producers. The study objective was to compare macro and microelements and the amino acid composition of the grain of ancient wheat species Triticum sphaerococcum and T. persicum – against common wheat, each grown both under a plowing and reduced, shallow tillage. The wheat grains came from field experiments located in three certified organic farms, in Poland. It was shown that the mineral composition of the grain depended to the greatest extent on the wheat genotype. Ancient wheat T. sphaerococcum, and T. persicum, compared to the common wheat, contained more P, as well as Fe, Zn and Cu. For both tillage systems the total content of exogenous amino acids in the grain protein was far greater for T. persicum and T. sphaerococcum than for the common wheat; furthermore, higher exogenous amino acids contents were obtained from plowing tillage for T. persicum and shallow tillage for T. sphaerococcum. The nutritional value of the cereal protein, expressed with EAAI, was higher in T. sphaerococcum than in the common wheat. As compared to the contents of individual amino acids in common wheat, T. persicum grain protein had more Met, Ser, Pro and Tyr, whereas T. sphaerococcum had more Arg, Asp, Prol and Gly. The results indicate that T. persicum and T. sphaerococcum are valuable sources of macro- and microelements, as well as protein, which indicates their suitability to produce food with increased nutritional value.