The aim of this study was to determine the severity of depressive symptoms in young adults and to investigate their association with dietary mineral intake. A total of 497 Korean young adults (246 males and 251 females), aged 19–39 years old, participated. Daily intakes of food, caloric, and 12 minerals, which were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall, were compared between the high depressive symptom (HDS) group and the normal group; these two groups were classified according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The mean age of the subjects was 27.43 years for men and 27.11 years for women, with no significant difference; however, height, weight, and body mass index were significantly higher in men than in women. The food intake analysis revealed a significant difference in seaweed consumption between male HDS and normal groups (1.91 g vs. 5.48 g, respectively). No significant differences were found in total mineral intake between the HDS and normal groups. However, when the participants were subdivided according to their general characteristics, depressive symptom scores were found to be negatively correlated with the intake of several minerals, including phosphorus, potassium, and molybdenum. These findings suggest a potential association between dietary mineral intake and depressive symptom levels, highlighting the possible role of nutritional factors in mental health of young adults. However, further research on the association between mineral status and depressive symptoms in healthy adults is needed to suggest appropriate nutritional management for the prevention of depression.