Preceding crops, soil compaction and tillage are key management factors influencing soil chemical properties and crop performance. However, their combined effects, particularly under on-farm conditions, remain insufficiently recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops (multi-species grassland and winter triticale), soil compaction and tillage systems on selected soil chemical properties and maize (Zea mays L.) silage yield. The field experiment was conducted under production conditions using a factorial strip-split-plot design. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, the C:N ratio and the availability of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Maize silage yield was determined at harvest. The preceding crop significantly affected soil pH and the availability of macronutrients, whereas its influence on SOC and total nitrogen was limited when considered as a main factor. Soil compaction resulted in only minor changes in soil chemical properties, reflecting a relatively low level of compaction. Tillage systems had a significant impact on soil chemical properties; however, their effects were often modulated by interactions with other factors, and no significant main effect on maize yield was observed. Maize silage yield was 12.9% higher after grassland than after winter triticale. Our findings demonstrate that preceding crops exert a stronger influence on soil chemical properties and maize yield than tillage system or soil compaction. The effects of tillage and compaction were mainly expressed through interactions, highlighting the importance of integrated management approaches in assessments of soil fertility.