Twenty-two elements have been identified as essential to the growth and health of animals. They include 7 macroelements and 15 microelements, which play four key functions in the body: structural, physiological, catalytic and regulatory. Mineral deficiencies can result from low quality feed, impaired absorption or assimilation in the body or increased demand for minerals during intensive growth, pregnancy and lactation. Mineral-deficient feed and diets with an unbalanced mineral content impair the growth and development of young animals, decrease appetite, lower nutrient absorption, decrease immunity and increase susceptibility to contagious diseases. This paper discusses the consequences of low levels of macronutrients and micronutrients that are required for the optimal growth of calves, lambs and kids, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium and chloride.

19.3.2014